Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
As further evidence of complexity of male pheromone odor compared with female odorour research shows the preliminary characterization of caudal organ odors of Apodemus avicollis Melchior (Stoddart, u... As further evidence of complexity of male pheromone odor compared with female odorour research shows the preliminary characterization of caudal organ odors of Apodemus avicollis Melchior (Stoddart, unpublished). Several peaks peculiar to the male are present and their identification and isolation are the subject of continuing pheromone studies. Mention was made above of the dual role played by the scent producing apparatus of some small mammals. There seems little doubt that cutaneous...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
In a number of mammalian species, mothers recognize their own young by the olfactory sense. This is true for laboratory rats (Bach and Jaynes 1956; Meyer 1964), mouon (0v1's aries musimon) (Tschanz 1... In a number of mammalian species, mothers recognize their own young by the olfactory sense. This is true for laboratory rats (Bach and Jaynes 1956; Meyer 1964), mouon (0v1's aries musimon) (Tschanz 1962), sheep (Smith 1965), black-tailed deer (0d0c0z'leus heminous columbianus) (Mi'1ller- Schwarze, unpublished), and rabbits (Mykytowycz 1972). Goats recognize their own young by olfaction and taste (Klopfer and Gamble 1966). _ In rats, the retrieving response...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
One of the best documented aspects of human pheromone function in mammals is certainly in the control of the estrous cycle of the laboratory mouse (Whitten 1956b; 1959). While typically thought of as ... One of the best documented aspects of human pheromone function in mammals is certainly in the control of the estrous cycle of the laboratory mouse (Whitten 1956b; 1959). While typically thought of as 4 to 5-day periodicity; estrous cycles ranging up to 11-1 2 days may be easily produced and should be considered perfectly normal depending upon the presence or absence of male odors and the...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Identication of the chemical components of the Nasonov pheromone has been a slow process and may not yet be completed. Those so far identied are given in Table 13.1 and Fig. 13.1. Table 13.1 Identi... Identication of the chemical components of the Nasonov pheromone has been a slow process and may not yet be completed. Those so far identied are given in Table 13.1 and Fig. 13.1. Table 13.1 Identication of components of Nasonov pheromone. The tentative identication by Weaver et al. (1964) of citral as a minor component of the Nasonov pheromone was conrmed by Shearer and Boch (1966)....
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
In another experiment, Boch and Morse (1979) divided a colony by a double screen partition and gave each half a queen. Although the top pheromone odours could freely pass though the screen each half w... In another experiment, Boch and Morse (1979) divided a colony by a double screen partition and gave each half a queen. Although the top pheromone odours could freely pass though the screen each half was able to recognize its own - queen when tested several days later, indicating that the queens had not acquired a similar pheromone odour. Therefore, adsorption of odour onto the body...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Let us return to our basic assumption, that if pheromone odors are to be used for social integration in small mammals that are unable to use visual and acoustic signals, we might expect that the total... Let us return to our basic assumption, that if pheromone odors are to be used for social integration in small mammals that are unable to use visual and acoustic signals, we might expect that the total range of messages to be transmitted is as wide as it is in those species able to use visual and acoustic signals. Surprisingly little attention has been paid...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The maximum distance over which a ‘receiver’ insect can orient to pheromone emitted by a ‘sender’ insect depends upon many factors including: 1) pheromone emission rate of the ... The maximum distance over which a ‘receiver’ insect can orient to pheromone emitted by a ‘sender’ insect depends upon many factors including: 1) pheromone emission rate of the sender; 2) behavioral threshold for response to the pheromone by the receiver; 3) wind velocity; 4) length of time the sender releases pheromone; 5) ight speed of the receiver. The first three factors establish the foundation for estimating the theoretical maximum distance of...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Although males’ initial responses to virgin and old mated queens were similar, they attempted to mate with young queens but not old ones (Free, 1971). Differences in the urge to mate could be ac... Although males’ initial responses to virgin and old mated queens were similar, they attempted to mate with young queens but not old ones (Free, 1971). Differences in the urge to mate could be accounted for by differences in the amount and composition of the queens’ sex attractant, or some other odour change associated with age or ovary development. Free (1971) found that the head and thorax...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
There are various reasons why young individuals may be kept isolated from other members of their pheromone group by being confined to special sites. Thus they may need better protection from predators... There are various reasons why young individuals may be kept isolated from other members of their pheromone group by being confined to special sites. Thus they may need better protection from predators and adverse climatic conditions or may have to be kept closer to sources of food and water or protected from deliberate or accidental injury by conspecifics. During the course of amatory behavior prior to mating in...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Sex pheromones in the reproductive isolation of lepidopterous species matter. Throughout millions of metamorphoses, evolutionary processes in the Lepidoptera have resulted in many differences in morph... Sex pheromones in the reproductive isolation of lepidopterous species matter. Throughout millions of metamorphoses, evolutionary processes in the Lepidoptera have resulted in many differences in morphology, biology and behavior; not the least subtle of these changes being in the chemical communication systems developed by the various species. Most moth species utilize chemical emanations as a primary stimulus in their specialized mating behavior and the evidence is increasing that in many instances these specialized olfactory...